Who built the Great Cannon?
谁建造了巨炮？
That the GFW and GC have the same type of TTL side-channel suggests that they share some source code. We are unaware of any public software library for crafting packets that introduces this type of TTL side-channel.
GFW和巨炮有相同的TTL这一事实表明他们分享部分源代码。我们不知道任何制造的包拥有这种类型的TTL旁路信道的公开的软件库。
What is the Great Cannon’s Function?
巨炮的功能是什么？
Our observations indicate that the GC’s design does not reflect technology well-suited for performing traffic censorship. Its operation only examines the first data packet of a given connection, which provides a weak censorship mechanism compared to the GFW. More generally, the GC’s design does not, in practice, enable it to censor any traffic not already censorable by the GFW. Thus, the evidence indicates that the GC’s role is to inject traffic under specific targeted circumstances, not to censor traffic.
我们的描述意味着了巨炮的设计并没有反映出适合于进行通信审查的技术。对于给定连接，它的操作只检查了第一个数据包，比起GFW，这是一个弱审查机制。更普遍的是，巨炮的设计在实际上是无法审查任何已经被GFW审查的流量的。因此，这一证据意味着巨炮的角色是针对特定的场合进行流量注入而不是审查通信。
Who is the Great Cannon attacking?
谁是巨炮的攻击目标？
The DDoS attack launched by the GC using “bystander” machines directly aligns with known political concerns of the Chinese government. The Cyberspace Administration of China has previously referred to GreatFire as a “foreign anti-Chinese organization” (境外反华组).26 The particular GreatFire service targeted in this attack provides proxies to bypass the GFW using encrypted connections to Amazon’s CloudFront cloud service.
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